This is the schematic diagram powers our Arduinos. For this, we can use either DC power supply or USB connection as a source. To trace how the circuit works, let us start with the 5V linear voltage regulator NCP1117ST50T3G. This regulator has a pretty straightforward function. It takes voltage input up to 20V and converts it to 5V. The Vin of this regulator is connected to the DC power supply via the M7 diode. This diode provides reverse polarity protection, which means current can only flow from the power supply to the regulator and not the other way around. This the figure of the circuit.
There are two kinds of capacitors used in this circuit. One,
the polarized capacitors PC1 and PC2. They are used to filter supply noise.
Two, the 100nF capacitor on the far right side acting as a decoupling
capacitor. Decoupling capacitors “disconnects” circuit elements to reduce its
effect on the rest of the circuit. Also, notice the +5V terminals circled in
blue? You can see them around the schematic diagram. That is basically a
connection. Designers often use these terminals so that they can fit their
design in the least amount of pages. Labels like Vin and GND also works the
same.
